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Interrupter gear
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Damaged propeller from a Sopwith Baby aircraft circa 1916/17 with evidence of bulletholes from a machine gun fired behind the propeller without a synchronizer. The propeller required immediate replacement after the aircraft landed.
Interrupter gear is a term that covers two related technologies.
The first is the synchronization gear, which is often incorrectly referred to as "interrupter gear"; this is a triggering device attached to the machine gun armament of a tractor-type fighter aircraft so that it would fire only at certain times. This allows the gun to fire through the arc of a spinning propeller without the bullets striking the blades. Introduced during the First World War, the gun synchronizer was a significant development in the history of air combat and remained in operational use until the Korean War when the widespread adoption of jet aircraft rendered it obsolete.
A true interrupter gear stopped the firing of the machine gun when some part of the aircraft was in the way. For much of the early history of the fighter aircraft this was limited to the propeller. This would change with the introduction of turret mounted armament firstly to the bomber aircraft and briefly to the fighter.
Though their effects were the same, there was a subtle difference between the concept of the interrupter and the synchronizer. A machine gun fitted with interrupter gear had the trigger normally enabled and the interrupter mechanism would disable the trigger when a propeller blade was in the way. A machine gun fitted with synchronization gear had the trigger normally disabled and the synchronizer mechanism would enable the trigger when the propeller was clear. In reality, the technical difficulties associated with reliably halting the firing of a Maxim-type machine gun meant that no working interrupter system was ever developed all successful implementations used the concept of synchronization.
Contents
1 Origins
2 Fokker's synchronizer
3 Further development
4 Turrets
5 The End of Synchronization
6 References
//
Origins
Experimentation with gun synchronization had been underway in France and Germany before the First World War but the engineers involved received little support or encouragement from the military who disregarded the need for armed aircraft, believing them solely useful for reconnaissance. Swiss engineer Franz Schneider, working for Luftverkehrs Gesellschaft, designed and patented a synchronizer in 1913. French aircraft designer Raymond Saulnier built and patented a practical gun synchronizer in April 1914, having borrowed a machine gun from the army for testing. No design was developed to the point of being operational in the field, one significant problem being the inconsistency of ammunition propellant resulting in hang fire rounds.
Saulnier pursued a simpler method using armoured propeller blades. In December 1914, French pilot Roland Garros approached Saulnier to arrange for this device to be installed on his aeroplane but it was not until March 1915 that he took to the air with a forward-firing Hotchkiss 8 mm (.323 in) machine gun mounted on his Morane-Saulnier Type L. In addition to the armoured blades, Garros's mechanic, Jules Hue, attached deflector wedges to the blades. While this reduced the chance of a dangerous ricochet, the wedges diminished the propeller's efficiency. On 18 April 1915, having shot down three German aircraft, Garros' plane was forced down in German territory. Before he could burn his aircraft, he was captured and the gun and propeller were sent for evaluation by the Inspektion der Fliegertruppen (Idflieg) at D?beritz near Berlin.
Fokker's synchronizer
This initiated a concentrated phase of consideration of the interrupter gear concept. The Dutch aircraft designer Anthony Fokker was heavily involved in this process but the story of his conception, development and installation of a synchronisation device in a period of 48 hours (first found in an authorised biography of Fokker written in 1929) has been shown to be not factual. The available evidence points to a synchronisation device having been in development by Fokker's team including engineer Heinrich Lbe, and probably based on Schneider's patent, for perhaps six months prior to the capture of Garros' machine.
In 1916 LVG and Schneider sued Fokker for patent infringement the battle continued until 1933 and though the courts repeatedly found in Schneider's favour, Fokker refused to acknowledge the rulings, all the way to the time of the Third Reich in 1933.
The only known date that is certain in the development of Fokker's pioneering Stangensteuerung system is on May 16, 1915, when a officer of the Bavarian armed forces, working with Idflieg, alerted his province of Germany that "firing trials of a interesting nature, from a light monoplane, were to take place on the 19th of 20th...(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about hydraulic bottle jack, Diamond Needle File, . The Bath Fun Kit products should be show more here!
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MORANE SAULNIER 406 Aircraft Profile Publication 147 $7.00 Time Remaining: 1h 59m Buy It Now for only: $7.00 |
CO2 FF Plan MORANE SAULNIER PARASOL CO2 FF Model Airplane Plans $5.00 Time Remaining: 3h 42m |
FLASHBACK 1 48 Morane Saulnier type I Limited Edition Kit $19.99 Time Remaining: 8h 12m |
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