Posted by admin | Posted in Model Railway | Posted on 17-02-2008
Tags: activism, coal, energy, environment, ho scale coal, ho scale coal cars, ho scale coal mine, ho scale coal tipple, o scale coal mine, o scale coaling tower, science, solar
Looking For Scale Coal ? Then This is Where You Want to Be
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 HO Scale Con Cor 12 Panel 100 Ton BNSF Coal Hopper $1.25 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 1h 47m |
 N scale Coal Car NIOB $5.40 Time Remaining: 5h 12m Buy It Now for only: $5.40 |
 LIFE LIKE LOUISVILLE NASHVILLE L N COAL HOPPER 8509 HO SCALE $8.99 Time Remaining: 5h 29m Buy It Now for only: $8.99 |
 BURLINGTON COAL CAR HO SCALE $8.49 Time Remaining: 6h 4m Buy It Now for only: $8.49 |
 N scale MICRO TRAINS 2 PACK 100 TON 33 Bay Hoppers w coal loads SEABOARD SYSTEM $39.99 Time Remaining: 7h 1m |
 N scale MICRO TRAINS 100 ton 3 bay hopper w coal load READING NORTHERN Used $12.99 Time Remaining: 7h 1m |
 N Scale Souther Coal Car seen in Photo $0.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 9h 3m |
 24902 16 Trix Marklin HO Scale Train NP Northern Pacific Coal Hopper Car Mint $89.99 Time Remaining: 9h 54m Buy It Now for only: $89.99 |
 O 27 Scale Lionel Locomotive 2018 and Coal Tender $34.99 Time Remaining: 11h 38m |
 BACHMANN AND CON COR MSTL AND CNW COAL HOPPER CARS N SCALE $0.99 Time Remaining: 13h 7m |
 Vintage Pre 1945 Llanerch PA Lumber Coal Wood Wooden Carpenters Scale Ruler $6.99 Time Remaining: 13h 19m Buy It Now for only: $6.99 |
 HO Scale LEHIGH COAL NAVIGATION 2 6 0 Mother Hubbard 2 6 0 Locomotive gbb IHC $94.99 Time Remaining: 13h 53m Buy It Now for only: $94.99 |
 MiniTrix N Scale 15041 10 German RR DB Erzwagen Hopper w Coal Load MIB $15.50 (5 Bids) Time Remaining: 14h 34m |
 HO Scale Pennsylvania Coal Hopper Car $3.99 Time Remaining: 14h 46m |
 AHM HO Scale Coal Loader $9.99 Time Remaining: 14h 57m |
 READY MADE TRAINS 2 BAY COAL HOPPER w COAL LOAD PPL PENN POWER 2 PK O SCALE $84.95 Time Remaining: 15h 27m Buy It Now for only: $84.95 |
 LOT OF HO SCALE SCENERY ACCESSORIES 2 CUT STONE WALLS AND 1 PK OF COAL PILE W $5.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 16h 10m |
 SOUTHERN PACIFIC COAL CAR N SCALE $2.99 Time Remaining: 16h 22m Buy It Now for only: $2.99 |
 CUSTOM Athearn HO Scale Koppers Coal Tar Products 3 Dome Tank Car $10.50 (4 Bids) Time Remaining: 16h 26m |
 Accurail 8021 USRA 55 Ton Coal Hopper BO Baltimore Ohio 3 HO Scale $37.74 Time Remaining: 16h 38m Buy It Now for only: $37.74 |
 MTH O SCALE PITTSBURGH COAL COMPANY 80526 2 BAY FISH BELLY HOPPER COAL LOAD $59.97 Time Remaining: 18h 45m Buy It Now for only: $59.97 |
 BACHMANN HO SCALE 0 6 0 STEAM LOCO TENDER HEADLIGHT REAL COAL $29.95 Time Remaining: 19h 17m Buy It Now for only: $34.95 |
 Lot of 4 HO SCale 3 Dome Tanker Trains Mobilgas Cyanamid Republic Kopper Coal $11.99 Time Remaining: 19h 19m Buy It Now for only: $11.99 |
 N Scale N Gauge simulated coal material Z scale 5 ounces free shipping $4.99 Time Remaining: 19h 27m Buy It Now for only: $4.99 |
 N Scale Coal Unloading Facility By Heljan $5.50 (4 Bids) Time Remaining: 19h 51m |
 K P Brick Building Co O Scale Coal Breaker Structure Kit Item 4815 $80.80 (9 Bids) Time Remaining: 20h 3m |
 Coal Storage House Laser Cut Kit Building Blair Line HO Scale 187 Model Trains $18.99 Time Remaining: 20h 27m Buy It Now for only: $18.99 |
 Lot of 8 HO Scale Model Trains Accurail Atlas Boxcars Oil Car Coal Car $55.00 Time Remaining: 20h 28m |
 3 N Scale Train Cars Pennsylvania NYC Cattle New Haven Coal C6 VGC $9.95 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 20h 29m |
 2 HO scale box train cars LNPW cattle car and SOO line coal car $7.99 Time Remaining: 20h 41m |
 Coal Storage House Laser Cut Kit Building Blair Line N Scale 1160 Model Trains $14.99 Time Remaining: 20h 51m Buy It Now for only: $14.99 |
 New Life Like Coal Tipple w Weighted Hopper Car Vintage Unopened HO Scale $4.95 Time Remaining: 21h |
 Built HO Scale Large Coal Mine $21.00 Time Remaining: 21h 8m |
 HO SCALE NEW RIVER COAL MINING PROCESSING LOADING MINE FACILITY KIT $69.95 Time Remaining: 21h 9m Buy It Now for only: $69.95 |
 COAL CRANE TRIPLE TRACK TWO HOPPER CAR LOADING TRAVELING GANTRY KIT N Scale $99.95 Time Remaining: 21h 9m Buy It Now for only: $99.95 |
 COAL CRANE DIVIDED BUNKERS w 3 MINE CARS FULLY ASSEMBLED BUILT HO Scale $59.95 Time Remaining: 21h 9m Buy It Now for only: $59.95 |
 American Flyer train Caboose and Coal Car S scale $4.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 21h 20m |
 HO Scale Rivarossi Medium Coal Tender 102 RTR $12.50 (3 Bids) Time Remaining: 21h 28m |
 Lionel 6209 Gondola w Coal Load NYC Gondola O Scale $46.99 Time Remaining: 21h 31m Buy It Now for only: $46.99 |
 HO Scale Bachmann NC StL The Dixie Line Medium Coal Tender RTR $7.00 Time Remaining: 21h 32m |
 HO Scale Mantua Baltimore Ohio Black Die Cast Metal Medium Coal Tender RTR $8.00 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 21h 36m |
 HO Scale Mantua Baltimore Ohio Blue Medium Coal Tender RTR $10.27 (2 Bids) Time Remaining: 21h 38m |
 HO Scale 70 Ton 4 Bay Coal Hopper Burlington Northern NB 74513 By Bachmann $4.99 Time Remaining: 21h 56m |
 COAL CAR RUNS ON 1 1 4 INSIDE DIA PLASTIC TRACK OR 027 SCALE $5.99 Time Remaining: 22h 4m Buy It Now for only: $5.99 |
 Athearn HO Scale Koppers Coal Tar Products 3 Dome Tanker Car w Original Box $2.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 22h 6m |
 BACHMANN G SCALE RIO GRANDE COAL TRAIN CAR USED GOOD SHAPE $18.50 Time Remaining: 22h 19m |
 HO scale Bowser SOO LINE 100 Ton 3 Bay Coal Hopper Car With Removable Coal Load $8.21 Time Remaining: 22h 33m |
 COLDWATER COAL CO UNLOADING TRESTLE PRR STANDARD LASER WOOD KIT HO Scale $79.95 Time Remaining: 22h 56m Buy It Now for only: $79.95 |
 HO SCALE PS 3 Coal Hopper w Metal Wheels I C Illinois Central NEW $11.00 Time Remaining: 1d 2h 45m |
 HO SCALE PS 3 Coal Hopper w Metal Wheels Union Pacific UP NEW $17.55 Time Remaining: 1d 4h 21m |
 N scale MICRO TRAINS 100 ton 3 bay hopper w coal load BURLINGTON NORTHERN Used $24.99 Time Remaining: 1d 4h 40m |
 N scale ATHEARN 40 foot 3 Bay hopper with coal load UNION PACIFIC New $15.99 Time Remaining: 1d 4h 40m |
 HAWTHORNE VILLAGE FIRE FIGHTERS HEROES EXPRESS COAL TRAIN CAR BACHMAN HO SCALE $39.99 Time Remaining: 1d 6h 33m Buy It Now for only: $39.99 |
 PARKER EDWARDS 3 BLADE STOCKMAN ACME COAL MINES 1989 FOLDING KNIFE ELK SCALES $234.99 Time Remaining: 1d 8h 15m Buy It Now for only: $234.99 |
 HO SCALE COAL CARS $7.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 1d 9h 18m |
 HO SCALE COAL CARS $1.99 Time Remaining: 1d 9h 24m |
 N Scale Rolling Stock seen in Photo P LE Coal Car $0.99 Time Remaining: 1d 9h 40m |
 N Scale Rolling Stock seen in Photo Brown Coal Car $0.99 Time Remaining: 1d 9h 41m |
 RATIO N SCALE KIT FOR AN COAL DEPOT REF NO 229 $9.25 Time Remaining: 1d 10h 40m Buy It Now for only: $9.25 |
 1927 ad Howes Scales Hay Coal Wagon Truck Lewis Shepard Singlelift $9.99 Time Remaining: 1d 10h 52m Buy It Now for only: $9.99 |
 HO Scale Varney BO Coal Hopper $15.00 Time Remaining: 1d 11h 1m Buy It Now for only: $15.00 |
 HO SCALE CUSTOM WEATHERED BO COAL HOPPER TRAIN CAR KAYDEE COUPLERS $19.90 Time Remaining: 1d 11h 28m |
 HO Scale Lionel Burlington Northern Quad Hopper with a Coal Load $20.00 Time Remaining: 1d 12h 16m Buy It Now for only: $20.00 |
 1 12 SCALE VINTAGE METAL COAL SCUTTLE $1.55 Time Remaining: 1d 13h 19m |
 Vintage Black HO Scale Steam Engine and Coal Train $21.98 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 1d 13h 34m |
 HO Scale Athearn Kit 1506 Assembled 3 DOME TANKER Koppers Coal Tar $3.17 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 1d 14h 19m |
 MANTUA HO SCALE READING 36 HOPPER CAR WITH COAL $7.99 Time Remaining: 1d 14h 23m |
 Walthers Goldline Ho Scale 6 pack Coal Porters BNSF $49.25 (11 Bids) Time Remaining: 1d 14h 59m |
 HO Scale Open Car with coal Pennsylvania Lot BG545 $0.99 Time Remaining: 1d 15h 3m |
 O O27 Scale Coal Car Union Pacific Lot BG550 $0.99 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 1d 15h 12m |
 G SCALE ARISTO 81402 CS COAL HOPPER NIB $37.00 (1 Bid) Time Remaining: 1d 15h 13m |
 O O27 Scale Coal Car New York Central Lot BG551 $0.99 Time Remaining: 1d 15h 13m |
The threat of Coal to Oil technology on CO2 emissions
Coal was one of the main contributors to electricity generation, being a driving force through the industrial revolution, and it is only recently within the last few decades or so that we have started to switch from the use of coal to other alternative sources, driven by an increasingly environmentally conscious society. The Coal industry has since collapsed, with few surviving stations within the UK and abroad.
However, Coal is starting to receive attention once again; due to recent technological advances and changing market conditions, which have allowed the process of extracting oil from coal (CTL – Coal to Liquids) to become financially viable.
There are currently still huge stocks of coal still available, which have been previously made redundant. It is estimated that remaining coal supplies may be sufficient to meet energy demands for the next 300 years, (although the accuracy of this is questionable as many nations have not recently assessed their coal reserves). If the coal to oil process were to take off, as a result of escalating oil prices, as currently it is believed that CTL becomes financially viable when oil prices reach in excess of $25 a barrel, it is foreseeable that irrevocable damage would result. This would lead to the point of no return or the tipping point being reached much sooner than anticipated.
Coal to oil extrapolation may never take off, and it is hoped that this is the case, however if the free market conditions were followed, without undue governmental restrictions, it may be likely that the process would be undertaken on a mass scale. Although the use of CTL depends very much on whether there are sufficient remaining coal reserves available to make it a cost effective option.
Promoters of CTL have also made claim that the technology can harness energy from coal in an environmentally friendly way, as contaminants such as sulphur are removed from the coal during the process. Many also point to use of the Carbon Capture and Storage strategy (CCS) as a method of preventing the release of CO2 into the atmosphere, however this is only in the development stage and would suffer from leakage due to unsealed drill holes or by faults and cracks caused by seismic activity.
By refusing to acknowledge the ever present issue of global warming and oil depletion and by desperately trying to retain whatever remaining fossil fuels there are, in an attempt to prolong our high carbon lifestyle will undoubtedly exacerbate the effects of global warming for future generations to come. There needs to be greater emphasis on renewable, environmentally friendly options, if we are to avoid the highly polluting process of coal to oil extraction, which would be seen by many as a step in the wrong direction.
About the Author
This article was produced by joeknight at www.energy-measures.com